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Compare Christmas Island (2001) - Spratly Islands (2001)

Compare Christmas Island (2001) z Spratly Islands (2001)

 Christmas Island (2001)Spratly Islands (2001)
 Christmas IslandSpratly Islands
Administrative divisions none (territory of Australia) -
Age structure 0-14 years:
NA%

15-64 years:
NA%

65 years and over:
NA%		 -
Agriculture - products NA -
Airports 1 (2000 est.) 4 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2000 est.)		 total:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Area total:
135 sq km

land:
135 sq km

water:
0 sq km		 total:
less than 5 sq km

land:
less than 5 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km of the central South China Sea
Area - comparative about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC NA
Background Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement was begun by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. The phosphate mine, closed in 1987, was reopened four years later, but the need for an alternative industry has spurred investment in tourism. Old mining areas are being restored, and almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park. Rich fishing grounds and the potential for gas and oil deposits have caused this archipelago to be claimed in its entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. All five parties have occupied certain islands or reefs, and occasional clashes have occurred between Chinese and Vietnamese naval forces
Birth rate NA births/1,000 population -
Budget revenues:
$NA

expenditures:
$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA		 -
Capital The Settlement -
Climate tropical; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds tropical
Coastline 138.9 km 926 km
Constitution Christmas Island Act of 1958 -
Country name conventional long form:
Territory of Christmas Island

conventional short form:
Christmas Island		 conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Spratly Islands
Currency Australian dollar (AUD) -
Death rate NA deaths/1,000 population -
Debt - external $NA -
Dependency status territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) -
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) -
Disputes - international none all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands, but has not publicly claimed the island; in 2000, China joined ASEAN discussions towards creating a South China Sea "code of conduct" - a non-legally binding confidence building measure
Economic aid - recipient $NA -
Economy - overview Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened by union workers. With the support of the government, Australian-based Casinos Austria International Ltd. built a $34 million casino on Christmas Island, which opened in 1993. As of yearend 1999, gaming facilities at the casino were temporarily closed but were expected to reopen in early 2000. Another economic prospect is the possible location of a space-launching site on the island. Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored, and there are no reliable estimates of potential reserves; commercial exploitation has yet to be developed.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh -
Electricity - production NA kWh -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
NA%

hydro:
NA%

nuclear:
NA%

other:
NA%		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Murray Hill 361 m		 lowest point:
South China Sea 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m
Environment - current issues NA NA
Ethnic groups Chinese 61%, Malay 25%, European 11%, other 3%, no indigenous population -
Exchange rates Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.7995 (January 2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997), 1.2773 (1996) -
Executive branch chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general

head of government:
Administrator William Leonard TAYLOR (since 4 February 1999)

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia		 -
Exports $NA -
Exports - commodities phosphate -
Exports - partners Australia, NZ -
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June -
Flag description the flag of Australia is used -
GDP purchasing power parity - $NA -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $NA -
GDP - real growth rate NA% -
Geographic coordinates 10 30 S, 105 40 E 8 38 N, 111 55 E
Geography - note located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs
Highways total:
140 km (not including 100 km that is maintained by private industry)

paved:
30 km

unpaved:
110 km (1999)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%		 -
Imports $NA -
Imports - commodities consumer goods -
Imports - partners principally Australia -
Independence none (territory of Australia) -
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion) -
Infant mortality rate NA deaths/1,000 live births -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) NA% -
International organization participation none -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km 0 sq km (1993)
Judicial branch Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court -
Labor force NA -
Labor force - by occupation tourism 400 people, mining 100 people (1995) -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
NA%

permanent crops:
NA%

permanent pastures:
NA%

forests and woodland:
NA%

other:
NA%

note:
mainly tropical rainforest of which 60%-70% is in a national park		 arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
100%
Languages English, Chinese, Malay -
Legal system under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law -
Legislative branch unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve one-year terms)

elections:
last held NA December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2001)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population:
NA years

male:
NA years

female:
NA years		 -
Location Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines
Map references Southeast Asia Southeast Asia
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
12 NM

exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
3 NM		 NA
Merchant marine none (2000 est.) -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs, of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam
National holiday NA -
Nationality noun:
Christmas Islander(s)

adjective:
Christmas Island		 -
Natural hazards the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard typhoons; serious maritime hazard because of numerous reefs and shoals
Natural resources phosphate fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential
Net migration rate NA migrant(s)/1,000 population -
Political parties and leaders none -
Political pressure groups and leaders none -
Population 2,771 (July 2001 est.) no indigenous inhabitants

note:
there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 7.77% (2001 est.) -
Ports and harbors Flying Fish Cove none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) -
Radios 1,000 (1997) -
Railways 24 km to serve phosphate mines -
Religions Buddhist 55%, Christian 15%, Muslim 10%, other 20% (1991) -
Telephone system general assessment:
NA

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth stations - one Intelsat earth station provides telephone and telex service		 -
Telephones - main lines in use NA -
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (1999) -
Television broadcast stations NA -
Terrain steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau flat
Total fertility rate NA children born/woman -
Unemployment rate NA% -
Waterways none none
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